青海省“三生用地”时空演化特征及其碳排放效应

Spatial-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Carbon Emission Effects of “Three-Generation Land” in Qinghai Province

该研究基于青海省1990、2005和2018年土地利用遥感监测数据,采用土地利用空间变化率指数和碳排放系数,借助ArcGIS空间分析功能对青海省近30年来"三生用地"时空演化特征及其碳排放效应进行分析。结果表明:(1)1990-2018年青海省生产和生活用地面积增加,生态用地面积减少,生产用地和生活用地面积年均增长3.76%和17.7%,生态用地面积年均下降3.1%;(2)生产用地最大转出方向为生态草地,转出率为35.11%,生活用地最大转出方向为生产用地,转出率为45.48%,生态用地维持内部转换态势,高质量生态用地向低质量生态用地转换趋势显著;(3)生产和生活用地变化主要集中于青海东部和主要城镇化区域及其周边地区,生态用地下降较多的是海南州、海西州和海北州,分别下降0.030 9、0.028 7和0.019 6万km^(2)。(4)青海省1990、2005和2018年"三生用地"碳排放量分别为-112.40、325.96和1 127.91万t,1990-2018年碳排放年均增长率2.7%,碳排放量远超碳汇产量。最后探讨了合理配置"三生用地"格局对保障生产生活绿色发展的重性,控制碳排放产出有利于筑牢生态安全屏障,保障"中华水塔"三江源高质量发展。

Based on the land use remote sensing monitoring data of Qinghai Province in 1990,2005 and 2018,using the spatial change rate index and carbon emission coefficient of the land use,with the help of ArcGIS spatial analysis function,the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and carbon emission effects of the"three-generation land"in Qinghai Province in the past 30 years were analyzed.The results show that the area of production and living land in Qinghai Province increased from 1990 to 2018,the area of ecological land decreased,the average annual growth of production land and living land increased by 3.76%and 17.7%,and the area of ecological land decreased by 3.1%annually.The largest conversion of production land is ecological grassland,with the transfer rate as 35.11%;the largest transfer direction of living land is production land,with the transfer rate as 45.48%,the ecological land maintains the internal conversion trend,and the conversion trend of high-quality ecological land to low-quality ecological land is significant.Changes in production and living land are mainly concentrated in eastern Qinghai and the main urbanized areas and surrounding areas.The decline in ecological land is mainly in Hainan,Haixi and Haibei,which decreased by 309,287 and 196 km^(2),respectively.The carbon emissions of the"three-generation land"in Qinghai Province in 1990,2005 and 2018 were-1.1240,3.2596 and 11.2791 million tons respectively.The average annual growth rate of carbon emissions from 1990 to 2018 was 2.7%,and the carbon emissions far exceeded the carbon sink production.Finally,it discusses the importance of the rational allocation of the"three-generation land"pattern to ensure the green development of production and life,and the control of carbon emission output is conducive to building an ecological security barrier and ensuring the high-quality development of the"China Water Tower"three rivers source.