乌鲁木齐市生态系统服务价值时空演变研究

Research on Ecosystem Service Value and Spatial Evolution in Urumqi City

文章基于网格单元、探索性空间分析法、生态系统服务变化指数、改进后的生态系统服务价值当量等方法,分析了西北干旱区乌鲁木齐市1980-2018年土地利用与生态系统服务价值(ESV)的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)乌鲁木齐市ESV及单项ESV呈现不断减少趋势,其中水文调节、净化环境功能减少最大,其次为生物多样性、气候调节功能。(2)乌鲁木齐市ESV空间上呈现南部高,北部和东部低的分布特征;从时间序列上来看,存在着ESV高值区进一步缩小,低值区进一步扩大的趋势。(3)从1980-2018年乌鲁木齐市ESV的损益变化(ESCI)看,北部米东区、西部城市聚集区以及南部一号冰川附近ESV减损较大,东部柴窝堡湖、盐湖附近ESV增益较为明显。(4)乌鲁木齐市ESV增值热点区集中分布于东部柴窝堡湖、盐湖附近,ESV减损冷点区主要分布于北部米东区、西部城市聚集区以及南部一号冰川附近,总体上ESV变化热点图与ESCI空间分布特征一致。研究结果客观地反映了乌鲁木齐市生态系统服务价值动态变化规律以及区域内部的空间差异性,对正确处理好开发与保护的关系,构筑国家西部生态安全屏障,守住生态安全边界具有重要意义。

The spatial changes of land adopted and ecosystem service value in Urumqi during 1980-2018 in the arid region of Northwest China were analyzed based on grid cell,exploratory spatial analysis,ecosystem service change index,improved ecosystem service value equivalent.The results showed that ESV and individual ESV in Urumqi showed a decreasing trend,among which the hydrological regulation and environmental purification function decreased the most,followed by the biological diversity and climate regulation function.The ESV in Urumqi presented a spatial distribution characteristic of high in the south and low in the north and east.From the perspective of time series,there is a trend that the high value region of ESV is further reduced and the low value region is further expanded.From 1980-2018 ESV profit and loss change(ESCI)of Urumqi,the northern Midong Region,the western urban agglomeration area and the area around Glacier No.1 in the south had a greater ESV loss,while the eastern Chaiwopu Lake and the Salt Lake had a more significant ESV gain.The ESV increment hot spots in Urumqi are mainly distributed in the area around Chaiwopu Lake and Salt Lake in the east.However,the ESV depletion cold spots are mainly distributed in the area around the eastern Midong Region,the urban agglomeration area in the west and the No.1 Glacier in the south.In general,the ESV change hot spot map is consistent with the spatial distribution characteristics of ESCI.The results objectively reflect that the dynamic change law of ecosystem service value in Urumqi and the spatial difference within the region are of great significance to correctly deal with the relationship between development and protection,construct the ecological security barrier in the west of China as well as guard the ecological security boundary.