中国现代街区式住区的兴起、发展与思考

RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN HOUSING BLOCK IN CHINA AND REFLECTIONS ON IT

响应推广街区式住区的新动向,本文首先从时间线索上系统梳理了新中国成立以来我国街区式住区的发展变迁过程,认为其经历了苏联影响下的短暂实践、居住小区批判中的艰难发展、居住小区挤压下的异化实践、市场经济下的曲折恢复四个过程,并总结为一次波折与两次回归的演变轨迹。然后从住区的空间属性、居民的居住习惯和居住需求三个方面进行了探讨,认为新时代的住区建设应注重住区与城市关系的平衡性,强调住区的文化性,维护住区的多样性,汲取国内外住区中有价值、有意义的精华,以发展出一套有中国特色的街区式住区新模式。

In response to the new trend of housing block,this paper first reviews the development and evolution process of housing block in China since 1949 from a chronological perspective.The paper concludes that there are four stages in this process,namely the brief practice under the influence of the Soviet Union,hard development during the criticism of residential quarter,differentiated development under the pressure of residential quarter,and the tortuous recovery in the market economy,which can be summarized as an evolution track of“one turn and two regressions”.Then,the paper conducts discussions from the perspectives of spatial nature of the residential area,residents’living habits,and their housing needs.In the end,the paper points out that in the construction of residential areas in the new era,due attention should be paid to balancing the relationship between the residential area and the city,highlighting the cultural characteristics of the residential area,maintaining its diversity,and drawing valuable and meaningful essence of residential area construction in both China and abroad,with the hope to develop a new mode of housing block construction with Chinese characteristics.