外泌体源性microRNAs在肺癌转移及早期诊断中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomal microRNAs in lung cancer metastasis and their roles in early diagnosis

肺癌转移是导致肺癌高死亡率的最重要原因。外泌体是由多种活细胞释放到胞外的直径为30~150nm的微囊泡。其中,肿瘤细胞,尤其是肺癌细胞分泌的外泌体通过向临近和远端的受体细胞传递microRNAs(miRNAs),从而调控转移细胞的远端定植及血管新生等过程。此外,肺癌细胞来源的外泌体miRNAs可以表征肿瘤细胞的病理和生理状态,因此,在肺癌的早期诊断、预测和生存预后中具有重要的应用价值。该综述主要对外泌体miRNAs在肺癌转移过程中的调控作用及其作为早期诊断标志物的潜在应用价值进行介绍。

Metastasis is the most leading cause of high mortality of lung cancer.Exosomes,small extracellular microvesicles whose diameters range from 30 to 150 nm,are released by various living cells.Exosomes derived from tumour cells,especially lung cancer cells,can regulate distant colonization and angiogenesis of metastasitic lung cancer cells by transferring microRNAs(miRNAs)to the neighboring and distant recipient cells.Moreover,exosomal miRNAs originated from lung cancer cells can represent the pathological and physiological states of tumour cells,thus possessing a predominant application value in the early diagnosis,prediction and survival prognosis of lung cancer.In this review,we will focus on discussing the roles of exosomal miRNAs in lung cancer metastasis and their potential application value as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.