5种化学除草剂对薇甘菊防治效果及对其他植物的影响

Control effect of five chemical herbicides on Mikania micrantha and safety to other plants

为了筛选高效防除薇甘菊的除草剂,本文利用4种含灭草松或吡啶类的新型除草剂25%苄嘧磺隆·灭草松AS、25%滴酸·灭草松AS、25%滴酸·氨氯吡AS、25%氟胺·灭草松AS,以常用除草剂24%滴酸·二氯吡AS作对照,在深圳进行防除薇甘菊的试验研究。除草剂对薇甘菊防效结果表明:400 mL/hm^(2)25%滴酸·氨氯吡AS和24%滴酸·二氯吡AS对薇甘菊的杀灭率为100%,同等剂量的25%滴酸·氨氯吡AS完全杀灭薇甘菊的时间短于24%滴酸·二氯吡AS。25%氟胺·灭草松AS 1000 mL/hm^(2)对薇甘菊的杀灭率100%,喷药后21 d左右薇甘菊全部死亡。25%苄嘧磺隆·灭草松AS、25%滴酸·灭草松AS 1000~6000 mL/hm^(2)对薇甘菊的杀灭率为68.85%~89.11%,防治效果差。除草剂对其他植物的影响结果表明:25%滴酸·氨氯吡AS、24%滴酸·二氯吡AS 400 mL/hm^(2)对植物药害等级达到Ⅲ~Ⅳ级(严重药害和极严重药害)的种类数分别占样地内种类数的54.55%和77.78%。25%氟胺·灭草松AS 1000 mL/hm^(2)对植物药害等级达到Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的种类数占样地内种类数的83.33%。建议在林地、非耕地等薇甘菊危害较大的区域可采用25%滴酸·氨氯吡AS 400 mL/hm^(2)防除薇甘菊,该药剂可作为高效防除薇甘菊且对植物较为安全的优选药剂。

In order to select effective herbicide to control Mikania micrantha,four new herbicides containing bentazone or pyridine,bensulfuron-methyl bentazone 25%AS,2,4-D·bentazone 25%AS,2,4-D·picloram^(2)5%AS and fomesafen·bentazone 25%AS were tested to control M.micrantha contrasted with the common herbicide 2,4-D·clopyralid 24%AS in Shenzhen.The results showed that the killing rate of M.micrantha by both 400 mL/hm^(2)2,4-D·picloram^(2)5%AS and 2,4-D·clopyralid 24%AS was 100%.The time for the same 2,4-D·picloram^(2)5%AS to completely kill M.micrantha was shorter than that of 2,4-D·clopyralid 24%AS.The killing rate of 1000 mL/hm^(2) fomesafen·bentazone 25%AS was 100%,and M.micrantha died about 21 d after spraying.The killing rate of 1000-6000 mL/hm^(2) bensulfuron-methyl·bentazone 25%AS and 2,4-D·bentazone 25%AS was 68.85%-89.11%,and the control effect is poor.The effect of herbicides on other plants showed that 400 mL/hm^(2)2,4-D·picloram^(2)5%AS and 2,4-D·clopyralid 24%AS on the phytotoxicity level of plant reaching gradeⅢ-Ⅳ(serious and extremely serious phytotoxicity)accounted for 54.55%and 77.78%of the species in the plot.1000 mL/hm^(2) fomesafen·bentazone 25%AS on the phytotoxicity level of plant reaching gradeⅢ-Ⅳaccounted for 83.33%of the species in the plot.400 mL/hm^(2)2,4-D·picloram^(2)5%AS is recommended for controlling M.micrantha in forest land and non-cultivated land where the M.micrantha can be more harmful.It can be used as a preferred agent for controlling M.micrantha with high efficiency and good safety to plants.