自然资源大数据应用技术框架与学科前沿进展

Application Technology Framework and Disciplinary Frontier Progress of Natural Resources Big Data

自然资源大数据及其处理技术应用能够为自然资源研究与管理,特别是揭示自然资源系统要素、结构与关联研究提供基础支撑,为资源科学发展提供新思路、新方法和新技术。本文试图厘清自然资源大数据的概念、主要特征和发展趋势,分析自然资源大数据对于国民经济与社会发展的重要现实意义。自然资源大数据建设既是自然资源信息化的重要组成部分,也是提高自然资源产业及整个社会经济效率、完善自然资源治理结构和提升自然资源治理能力现代化的新手段。本文在地球系统科学体系下,构建了自然资源大数据应用研究的知识框架,基于"一图一网一平台"结构,提出建立空天地一体化自然资源大数据库和"生产-生活-生态"应用框架,探讨建立基于自然资源数据收集、处理与应用的结构体系,并以此技术框架分析了自然资源大数据应用研究的学科前沿进展和发展趋势。

The application of natural resources big data and its processing technology can provide basic support for the research and management of natural resources, especially for revealing the elements, structure, and correlation of natural resources system, and provide new ideas, new methods, and new technologies for the development of resources science. This paper attempts to clarify the concept, main characteristics, and development trend of natural resources big data, and analyzes the practical significance of natural resources big data for national economic and social development. The construction of natural resources big data is not only an important part of natural resources informatization, but also a new way to improve the efficiency of natural resources industry and the whole social economy, and the governance structure of natural resources and the modernization of natural resources governance capacity. In this paper, the knowledge framework of natural resources big data application research is constructed under the earth system science system, based on the structure of "one map, one network, and one platform", this paper proposes to establish a large database of natural resources integrating space, aviation and ground observations and an application framework in terms of production, residential and ecological spaces, and discusses the establishment of a structural system based on data collection, processing, and application of natural resources. The frontier progress and development trend of natural resources big data application research are also analyzed under this technical framework.