农田土壤微塑料污染研究现状与问题思考

Research Status and Existing problems of Microplastic Pollution in Farmland Soil

微塑料作为一类新型环境污染物,对海洋及陆地水域生态环境的污染问题受到全球的关注,然而农田土壤中微塑料的污染尚未引起广泛的关注。当前农田土壤微塑料污染形势不容乐观,对土壤生态安全和农产品安全构成威胁;因微塑料可在生物体内积累,并在食物链间传递、积聚,对人体健康存在潜在风险。对当前农田土壤微塑料污染现状、来源、迁移降解及对土壤生态系统的影响进行了总结和分析,指出当前农田土壤微塑料污染研究中出现的问题和不足。在此基础上,对农田土壤微塑料的污染研究进行了展望,并指出在农田微塑料污染研究中统一分析标准、系统分析农田微塑料的生态效应及健康风险;加强源头控制与风险管控措施相结合,为未来我国农田土壤微塑料污染研究和污染防治技术的创新提供参考与思路。

Microplastics,as a new type of environmental pollutants,its pollution problems to the ecological environment of marine and land waters have attracted global attention.However,the pollution of microplastics in farmland soil has not attracted extensive attention.At present,the pollution situation of microplastics in farmland soil is not optimistic,which poses a threat to the safety of soil ecology and agricultural products.This paper summarized and analyzed the current situation,source,migration and degradation of microplastic pollution in farmland soil and its impact on soil ecology,and pointed out the problems and deficiencies in the research process of farmland soil microplastic pollution.On this basis,the research on the pollution of farmland soil microplastics was prospected,and it was pointed out that unified analysis standards and systematic analysis of ecological effects and health risks of farmland microplastics in the study of farmland microplastics pollution were pointed out;the combination of source control and risk control measures should be strengthened to provide reference and ideas for the future research and innovation of pollution prevention and control technology.