略论儒道以德养生思想的差异

Differences between Confucian and Taoist’s thoughts of preserving health by virtue

儒道以德养生思想是中国传统养生思想的主干,梳理辨析儒道以德养生思想的差异,对把握中国传统养生思想的内在理论实质具有重要意义。儒道以德养生思想的差异,是由儒道对于“德”的内涵规定不同所致。儒家依据“德性我”来规定“德”,因而强调追求人生意义,通过加强道德实践来养生;而道家则从“情意我”来规定“德”,因而强调自然无为,通过不害生来养生。就养生方法论特点而言,儒家是加法,道家是减法,一加一减,正好形成互补。儒道以德养生思想,对后世中国传统养生思想的发展产生了深远的影响。

Confucian and Taoist’s thoughts of preserving health by virtue are the main content of traditional Chinese health keeping thoughts.It is of considerable significance to analyze and compare the differences between the two schools’ideas.Preserving health by virtue contributes to understanding the inherent theoretical essence of traditional Chinese health-preserving thoughts.The differences in Confucian and Taoist’s beliefs of maintaining health by virtue stem from their different understanding of the concept‘morality’.Confucian is under the‘moral self’to understand the concept of‘morality’and thus emphasize the pursuit of the meaning of life,and through the strengthening of moral practice to maintain health.While Taoist is under the‘aesthetic self’to understand the concept of‘morality’,and thus emphasize the natural inactivity and through not harming health to maintain health.Regarding the characteristics of the methodologies,Confucian and Taoism supplement each other given that the former is addition while the latter is subtraction.Confucian and Taoist’s thoughts of preserving health by virtue has had a profound influence on the development of traditional Chinese health-preserving ideas in later generations.