网络非虚构写作的公共性:起源、反思与重构

The public nature of online non-fiction writing:origins,reflection and reconstruction

近年来兴起的非虚构写作是一种旨在重建文学与社会之间联结的、涉及文学和新闻领域的边缘性文体,其理念、实践中蕴含着重要的公共性。然而,当下网络非虚构写作中的商业取向、娱乐取向逐渐压过公共取向,使它背离了自身的初衷。回顾历史可以发现非虚构写作产生于对当时流行文体的反拨,以对公共性的强调获得存在和发展的合法性;对当下网络非虚构写作一系列表征的观察,可以发现其中对“我”的过度强调、写作内容的固化和判断性叙事手法的滥用使公共性沦为了“背景”。基于存在的问题,应以艺术生产等理论为依据,从加强“生产-消费环节”的社会联结、以“改造社会”作为终极目标、以“公众认知”为评估手段三方面,探索重构网络非虚构写作公共性的路径。

Non-fiction writing,which has emerged in recent years,is a marginal genre that aims to reconnect literature and society.It involves the fields of literature and journalism and contains an important public dimension in its concept and practice.However,the commercial and entertainment orientations in current online nonfiction writing have gradually overwhelmed its public orientation,causing it to depart from its original purpose.In this regard,this study first reviews the history of nonfiction writing and finds that it emerged as a reaction to the popular genres of the time and gained legitimacy for its existence and development with its emphasis on publicness.Secondly,through a series of observations on a series of representations of current online nonfiction writing,we find that the overemphasis on“I”,the solidification of writing content,and the abuse of judgmental narratives have pushed its publicness to the‘backstage’.Finally,based on theories of artistic production,we explore the paths of reconstructing its public nature through three dimensions,i.e.,strengthening the social connection of“production-consumption”,taking“transformation of society”as the ultimate goal,and using“public perception”as a means of evaluation.