分工视角下的数字化转型

Digital Transformation from the Perspective of Division of Labor

数字化技术作为一种通用技术,全方位地渗透到经济社会的方方面面,不仅改变了产业的生产方式,也改变了产业之间的链接方式,因此,经济的数字化转型对社会的影响是深刻而长远的。从分工的视角辩证分析数字化转型对经济所造成的影响以及本质的经济学原理,并论证数字化转型提高分工与专业化水平并催生新业态的机制。此外,数字化为“卖家越多买家越多,买家越多卖家越多”的正反馈机制提供了合理性,进而催生了互联网垄断平台。但这种正反馈机制在信息不对称情况下不一定成立,有必要探讨知识付费这一特殊业态的经济学原理。在数字经济时代,企业形态的“小而美”与“大而强”并存,产业分工进一步细化。而数字化技术的低成本、高准确性和高响应速度意味着企业的任何微小优势都能帮助企业在规模庞大的市场中占据极其有利的优势地位,因此,在更加细化的各个赛道往往都会表现出“赢者通吃”的局面。

Digital technology,as a general-purpose technology,has penetrated all aspects of the economy and society,changing not only the production of industries but also the links between them,thus the digital transformation of the economy has a profound and long-term impact on the society.From the perspective of division of labor,this paper dialectically analyzes the impact of digital transformation on the economy and the essential economic principles,and demonstrates the mechanism for digital transformation to improve the level of division of labor and specialization and give birth to new forms of business.Moreover,digitalization triggers the positive feedback mechanism of“more sellers,more buyers,and more buyers,more sellers”which breeds huge Internet monopoly platforms.However,this positive feedback mechanism does not necessarily hold in the case of information asymmetry,so it is necessary to examine the economic principle for knowledge payment.In the era of digital economy,“small-scaled but highly specialized”enterprises and“large-scaled and highly competitive”enterprises will coexist,and industrial division of labor becomes more refined.The low cost,high accuracy and high response speed of digital technology means that any small advantage can help enterprises occupy an extremely advantageous position in the large market,therefore,a“winner-take-all”state often appears in more refined industry tracks.