2022年北京冬奥会赛会志愿者报名动机量表构建与测度

Scale Establishment and Measurement of the Motivations of Volunteers for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

志愿者服务是国际性体育赛会运营管理的重要环节之一。以2022年北京冬奥会为研究案例,运用专家咨询、调查问卷、探索性因子、验证性因子与单因素ANOVA检验等方法,对冬奥会志愿者报名动机进行量表构建和维度划分。结果表明:北京冬奥会赛会志愿者报名动机可由利他精神动机、能力提升动机、职业发展动机、寻求奖励动机、社会归属动机等5大维度构成。其中,能力提升动机最强,其次为利他精神动机和职业发展动机。此外,志愿者性别和职业类型在社会归属动机上显示出较大差异,以往志愿服务报名次数则在寻求奖励动机上具有显著不同。最后,从赛会志愿者报名前、服务中和结束后3大维度提出冬奥会志愿者的招募、培训、选拔和动机激发等对策建议。

Voluntary service is one of the most important parts in running international sporting events.Taking the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games as a case,and based on expert consultation,questionnaires,exploratory factors,confirmatory factors and one-way ANOVA,this paper analyses the motivations of volunteers for the Beijing2022 Winter Olympic Games.The results show that their motivations include five aspects:altruism,competence development,career development,reward seeking and social belonging.The motivation for competence development is the strongest,followed by altruism and career development.In addition,there are significant differences in the motivation for social belonging in terms of the volunteers’gender and occupation,and there are significant differences in the motivation for seeking rewards in terms of volunteers’participation frequency in the past.Finally,this paper puts forward suggestions on volunteer recruitment,training,selection and incentives.