公共卫生风险下体育赛事相关决策的根据及应对研究——基于奥运会的分析视角和利益主体的具体路径

Basis for Decision-making and Coping Strategies for Sporting Events Under Public Health Risks——From an Analytical Perspective of the Olympic Games and the Specific Approach of Stakeholders

基于寨卡病毒和新冠病毒在感染主体范围、危害程度、传播途径、传播季节性偏好、传播效力等方面的差异性,国际奥委会对同属于"国际关注的突发公共卫生事件"的里约奥运会和东京奥运会作出了正常举办和延期举办的不同决策。尽管世界卫生组织的建议不具备形式上的强制性,但却内含实质上的约束力。加强与世界卫生组织等专业机构的合作与交往是体育赛事主办方在公共卫生风险下进行决策的基础和前提。从外部而言,以世界卫生组织为代表的公共卫生体系与以国际奥委会为代表的奥林匹克体系是指导与被指导、被反馈与反馈的关系;从内部而言,应强化国际奥委会、国际单项体育联合会、国家奥委会、奥组委等专门机构的联动,特别是国际奥委会内部各专门机构间的协作。在新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控背景下,我国作为2022年北京冬奥会、2022年成都世界大学生运动会、2022年杭州亚运会的东道主,将公共卫生风险纳入赛事筹备的考量范畴,已具有相当的必要性。

Based on the differences between the Zika virus and Covid-19 in terms of the scope of infection,degree of harm,transmission modes,seasonal preference of transmission etc.,the IOC has made different decisions regarding the Rio Olympics(Hosted as scheduled)and Tokyo Olympics(Postponed)under the"public health emergencies of global concern".Although the WHO recommendations are not formally mandatory,they are actually binding.Strengthening cooperation and exchanges with professional organizations such as the WHO is the basis and prerequisite for sporting event organizers to make decisions under public health risks.Externally,the public health system represented by the WHO and the Olympic system represented by the IOC are in a relationship of guiding and being guided,and of receiving feedback and providing feedback;internally,the IOC,IFs,NOCs,Olympic Organizing Committees and other specialized agencies should be further coordinated,and the collaboration among the specialized agencies within the IOC is essential.As the host of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games,2022 Chengdu Summer Universiade,and 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games,it is essential to take public health risks into consideration when preparing for sporting events in the context of the normalized prevention and control of the Covid-19 pandemic.