中国茶叶种植户生产率增长的源泉与决定因素--来自2011-2017年微观数据的证据

The Sources and Determinants of Productivity Growth for Tea Growers:Evidence from Micro Data of 2011-2017

在经济新常态和茶叶消费回归理性的背景下,提高茶叶生产率对于推动茶产业高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。基于2011—2017年微观跟踪数据,利用随机前沿生产函数实证分析茶叶种植户全要素生产率(Total factor productivity,TFP)增长及源泉,并进一步利用2013—2016年微观混合数据,基于“一步法”的随机前沿生产函数,实证分析茶叶种植户的技术效率及影响因素,特别关注不同技术扩散路径和技术采纳行为的影响。研究发现:(1)研究期间茶叶种植户TFP年均增长2.71%,且呈增长趋势,但具有较为明显的西高东低的区域特征;(2)茶叶种植户的规模报酬率及技术进步率年均下降0.25%和1.50%,技术效率年均增长4.46%,表明TFP增长的主要动力来源是技术效率的改进,而规模报酬率和技术进步却有阻碍作用,而且东中西部均表现出相同的特征;(3)进一步分析技术效率的决定因素,发现茶叶种植户参加合作社、参加病虫害防治技术培训和政府发布病虫害预警信息的技术推广和扩散途径能够显著提高技术效率,而且采用生物防治和放置粘虫色板的技术采纳行为同样显著提高技术效率,而是否为种植大户、是否与其他种植户交流病虫害防治经验以及是否安置杀虫灯的影响不显著。本研究对于识别茶叶TFP增长及动力源泉、深刻理解农户技术采纳行为和扩散机理具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Under the background of new economic normal and tea consumption returning to rationality,improving tea productivity has important practical significance for promoting the high-quality development of tea industry.Based on the micro data from 2011 to 2017,the stochastic frontier production function was used to analyze the growth and sources of total factor productivity(TFP)for tea growers,and the micro-pool data from 2013 to 2016 and“one-step”stochastic frontier production function were also used to analyze the technical efficiency and its determinants of tea growers,with particular attention to the impacts of different technology diffusion paths and technology adoption behavior on technical efficiency.The results show:(1)during the study period,the TFP of tea growers increased by an average of 2.71%per year and showed an increasing trend,but it has obvious regional characteristics of high in the West and low in the East.(2)The average annual rate of return to scale and technological progress of tea growers decreased by 0.25%and 1.50%,and their technological efficiency increased by 4.46%.It shows that the main driving force of TFP growth is the improvement of technological efficiency,while the rate of return to scale and technological progress hinder the growth,and both the East and the West show the same characteristics.(3)Through further analysis of the determinants of technical efficiency,the results show that the technical promotion and diffusion paths of tea growers'participation in cooperatives,training in disease and pest control techniques,and the government's early warning information of disease and pest could significantly improve technological efficiency.In addition,the adoption of technologies such as biological control and placement of stained swatches could also significantly improve technical efficiency.Whether they were large growers,exchange the information on disease and pest control experience with other growers,and whether insecticidal lamps were installed had no significant impacts.The conclusions are of great theoretical and practical significance to identify the growth and driving force of tea TFP,and to deeply understand growers'technology adoption behavior and diffusion mechanism.