消化系统类器官及其在运动生理学研究中的应用前景

Organoids derived from the digestive system and their perspective applications in exercise physiology

随着干细胞诱导分化和组织器官发育调控研究的不断发展,消化系统中胃、肠、肝脏、胰腺和胆囊等类器官(organoid)模型相继构建,并广泛应用于发育生物学、遗传学、细胞生物学、药理学和肿瘤学等领域。运动导致血液重分配,小肠和肝脏等器官血液灌流量减少。随着运动中氧分压的降低和代谢需求的增加,肠上皮细胞和肝细胞等细胞所处的微环境发生剧烈改变,进而影响器官的生理机能。然而,由于传统研究手段的限制,运动对消化系统各器官生理机能的动态调控机制目前尚不明确。本文综述了消化系统类器官模型的建立与应用,以及运动对肠上皮细胞和肝细胞所处微环境的影响,展望了消化系统类器官在运动生理学研究中的应用前景。随着类器官模型的引入与应用,通过模拟运动过程中微环境的变化,从整合生物学的角度观察消化系统类器官的结构与功能,将为运动生理学研究提供新的角度与思路。

Organoid, formed from organ-specific cells, is a group of self-renewal and self-organizing cells growing in a 3-dimensional structure.With the recent progress on microenvironment regulation, stem cell differentiation and organ development, organoids have been constructed and used as promising tools for a wide range of multidisciplinary biomedical applications.Exercise disrupts the internal environment homeostasis, which brings a series of physiological alterations to the digestive system.The current animal or human models are necessary, but not sufficient to monitor the fluctuating microenvironment of gastrointestinal epithelial cells or hepatocytes during exercise.This review described the construction and application of digestive system organoids, as well as the effect of exercise on the microenvironment of intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes.The perspective applications of digestive system organoids in exercise physiology were also stated.Using organoid technologies, the possible mechanisms of the exerciseinduced dynamic physiological changes would be explored in a new dimension.