论《黄帝内经》“德全不危”的养生思想

Discussion on cultivation of‘perfect upright virtue without dangerous' in Huangdi Neijing

“德全不危”是《黄帝内经》养生思想的核心,其形成深受道家思想的影响,指明了养生的根本在于全德。“德”的内涵当从道家的“玄德”之义作解,即虚静素朴、顺应自然以执道全德。“德全不危”之所以成为可能在于“道”“德”与人体的“精”之间存在着客观的本质的联系,即德全则精全,精全则气足神旺,从而“正气存内,邪不可干”,故能没有危殆。“德全不危”的养生方法体现在知常无妄、恬淡虚无及养慈守神3个方面。其要旨是指引人们回归于生命的“道”“德”本原中,从根本上消除生命中的隐患和危殆。通过修德来养生,可以使人的健康状况与生命质量得到同步提高,因此“德全不危”的养生思想有着重要的现实意义。

’Perfect upright virtue without dangerous’ is the essence of the Huangdi Neijing cultivation thought, this view is deeply influenced by Taoism thought and indicates the prime way of cultivation is conserving virtue. The connotation of ’virtue’ should be explained from the meaning of Taoist ’XuanDe’, that is, quiet and inatural, conforming to nature to keep perfect virtue. The reason why ’perfect morality is not dangerous’ is that there is an objective inherent link between ’Dao’ ’de’ and the human body’s ’essence’, that is, the virtue is all refined, the essence is full of spirit, so that ’the positive qi is in existence, the negative qi can not inbreak’ so that there is no danger. The health enlightenment of the concept of ’perfect upright virtue without dangerous’ mainly includes three aspects: being upright, empty desiere and confession. Its aim is to guide people to return to the ’Dao’ ’de’ original life, which can fundamentally eliminate the hidden dangers in life. Through the practice of health, people’s physical condition and quality of life can be improved simultaneously, so the ’perfect upright virtue without dangerou’ health thought has important practical significance.