中美页岩气扶持政策梳理和实施效果研究

Review of China and US Shale Gas Policies and Yield Effect

在国际油价剧烈震荡、国际形势不稳定性和不确定性增加的情形下,全球油气产业正面临着前所未有的挑战和考验,部分页岩气企业难免会亏损甚至倒闭。目前中国页岩气资源的勘探开发尚处于初级阶段,国家政策的支持在低油价这一极端情景下尤为重要,如何充分发挥国家政策引领作用并测量相关扶持政策的实施效果是亟待解决的问题。根据中国2012—2018年、美国2007—2018年页岩气相关政策和产量数据变化,以页岩气资源开发扶持政策的实施效果为研究对象,对页岩气相关扶持政策进行梳理并分析其对产量的影响。研究结果表明:中国页岩气政策激励程度与美国相比仍然较弱,为促进中国页岩气大规模的商业化开发,中国应保持现有的财政补贴标准,加强税收减免力度,进一步延长补贴及税收减免时长,同时加大对页岩气勘探开发技术研发的支持,从而促进中国页岩气资源的大规模商业化开发,确保国家长期能源安全战略目标的实现。

With the sharp fluctuation of international oil price,the increasingly unstable and indetermined international situation,globla oil and gas industry is suffering unprecedented challenges,and some shale gas firms will have huge economic loss and even bankrupt.At present,shale gas development in China is still in its infancy and the supporting from national polices is vital under the extreme circumstances of low oil price.It is urgent to solve the problems of how to bring into full play the leading role of national policies and how to measure the implementation effect of relevant supporting policies.Based on the shale gas policy changes and production data of China from 2012 to 2018 and that of the United States from 2007 to 2018,this paper studies the implemtation effect of the shale gas supporting policies and analyzes their effect on production.The result shows that China's shale gas supporting policies are still weak compared to the United States.Chinese government should maintain the fiscal subsidy,increase tax reductions,extend the duration of subsidies and tax reductions,and strengthen support for shale gas exploration and production technology so as to promote the large-scale commercial development of China's shale gas resources and ensure the realization of the national long-term energy security strategic objectives.