遮阴对7个茶树品种的抹茶适制性影响研究

Study on the Influence of Shading on the Suitability of Seven Tea Varieties for Making Matcha

采用遮阴方式处理7个华东地区栽培的抹茶原料茶树品种,以叶绿素、咖啡碱、茶多酚、游离氨基酸的含量为指标,分析了遮阴对其抹茶适制性的影响,并从7个茶树品种中筛选出抹茶适制性最好的品种。研究结果表明:遮阴处理的7个茶树叶片中的叶绿素含量均得到显著提高;游离氨基酸含量有一定的上升但不显著;茶多酚和咖啡碱在多数品种中得到显著降低。遮阴后,叶绿素含量最高的茶树品种是‘薮北’,为3.66 mg/g;游离氨基酸含量最高的是‘乌牛早’,为4.02%;茶多酚含量最低的是‘迎霜’,为10.12%;咖啡碱最低的是‘薮北’,为1.03%。遮阴后,除‘大叶茶’外,其他6种茶树酚氨比均低于5,其中‘迎霜’的酚氨比最低,为3.17。综合比较其咖啡碱、茶多酚、叶绿素、游离氨基酸和酚氨比指标,认为‘薮北’的抹茶适制性最好。研究结果为华东地区抹茶适制茶树品种的筛选及我国抹茶产业的发展提供理论支持。

In this study,seven raw tea varieties of Matcha cultivated in East China were treated with shading method.The effects of shading on the suitability of Matcha were analyzed with the contents of chlorophyll,caffeine,tea polyphenols and free amino acids as indexes,and the best one was selected.The results showed that the chlorophyll content of seven tea leaves under shading treatment was significantly increased;The content of free amino acids had a certain increase,but not significantly;Tea polyphenols and caffeine were significantly reduced in most varieties.After shading,the highest chlorophyll content of tea variety was‘Soubei’,which was 3.66 mg/g;The highest content of free amino acid was‘Wuniuzao’,which was 4.02%;The lowest content of tea polyphenols was‘Yingshuang’(10.12%);The lowest caffeine content was found in‘Soubei’(1.03%).After shading,except for‘Daye tea’,the ratio of phenol to ammonia of the other six tea species was lower than 5,and‘Yingshuang’had the lowest ratio of phenol to ammonia,which was 3.17.Through comprehensive comparison of caffeine,tea polyphenols,chlorophyll,free amino acids and phenol ammonia ratio,it was concluded that‘Soubei’had the best suitability for Matcha production.The results provided theoretical support for the selection of suitable varieties of Matcha in East China and the development of Matcha industry in China.