植物精油抗病毒研究概况

An Overview of Anti-virus of Plant Essential Oil

植物精油是一种有特殊气味、由多种有机化合物组成的具有挥发性的复杂混合物。国内外关于植物精油抗病毒的研究日益增多,从中筛选出有效成分或先导化合物已成为当前抗病毒新药研发的一个热点。研究发现,植物精油所抗病毒可以分为包膜和无包膜病毒两种。植物精油可以从5种途径作用于包膜病毒:保护宿主细胞、灭活病毒、抑制病毒吸附宿主细胞、抑制病毒在宿主细胞中复制繁殖和扩散、提高宿主自身免疫力。而植物精油与无包膜病毒作用的相关报道较少,其作用机制和作用效果与包膜病毒相比,存在一定的相似性和差异性,有待进行更深入的研究。植物精油表现出广谱的抗病毒活性,主要功效成分为单萜、倍半萜、苯丙素、含硫含氮类化合物等。本文就病毒的传播和致病过程进行了介绍,着重对植物精油抗病毒的研究现状、作用机制及主要功能成分进行了总结分析,以期为植物精油在预防和治疗病毒性病症方面提供理论依据。

Plant essential oil(PEO)is a volatile aromatic complex mixture composed of various organic compounds.Recently,scientific researches on the antiviral activity of PEO increased rapidly domestic and abroad.Screening active ingredients from PEOs has become a hot spot in the development of new antiviral drugs.Previous studies had found that PEOs showed inhibitory activity towards both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.On the one hand,PEOs can take effect on enveloped viruses in five ways including protecting host cells,inactivating viruses,inhibiting virus adsorption to the host cells,inhibiting replication,propagation and spreading of viruses in host cells,and improving the host's own immunity.On the other hand,few studies about the relationship between plant essential oil and non-enveloped viruses have been reported.Comparing with enveloped viruses,the mechanism and effects have both similarities and differences,which requires deeper investigation.PEO shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity,of which the main functional components are monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,phenylpropanoids,sulfur-containing nitrogen compounds,etc.This article gave a brief on the spread and pathogenic process of viruses,and focused on the status of researching,mechanism of actions and the main functional anti-virus components of PEOs.This review would provide theoretical basis for application of PEO in prevention and treatment of virus diseases.