电刺激在脑卒中后运动功能障碍治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Electric Stimulation in Treatment of Post-stroke Motor Dysfunction

运动功能障碍是脑卒中发病后的主要并发症之一,表现为肢体麻木无力,甚至瘫痪或痉挛。运动功能障碍严重影响脑卒中患者的生活质量和社会参与度,因此针对运动功能的康复治疗对改善脑卒中患者预后尤为重要。电刺激作为一种新型的神经调控和外周传导技术,已逐渐应用于脑卒中患者的康复治疗中。不同方式的电刺激对皮质兴奋性的效果不同,其中脑深部电刺激、神经肌肉电刺激、经颅直流电刺激、经皮神经电刺激的作用最强,且具有选择性好、创口小、安全、直接等特点,具有促进脑卒中后运动功能恢复的巨大潜力。未来通过规范化的多中心试验,进一步完善电刺激具体实施标准和参数,将更好地满足运动功能障碍等临床康复治疗的需求。

Motor dysfunction is a major post-stroke complication,which is characterized by numbness and weakness of limbs,even paralysis or spasm.Motor dysfunction seriously affects the quality of life and social participation of the stroke patients,so the rehabilitation of motor function is particularly important to improve the prognosis.Electrical stimulation,as a new type of nerve regulation and peripheral conduction technology,has been gradually applied in the rehabilitation treatment of stroke.Different forms of electrical stimulation have different effects on cortical excitability.Among which deep brain electrical stimulation,neuromuscular electrical stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are the most prominent electrical stimulation,with advantages such as good selectivity,small wounds,good safety and direct effect,showing great potential to promote motor function recovery after stroke.In the future,standardized multi-center trials will further improve the specific implementation standards and parameters of electrical stimulation,which will better meet the needs of the clinical rehabilitation treatment.