施氮和施钾水平对冬播马铃薯生长及产量的影响

Effect of nitrogen and potassium rates on the growth and yield of winter potato crop

以‘费乌瑞它’为材料,在南方冬闲田设计5个施氮水平(N1、N2、N3、N4、N5,分别施0、75、150、225和300 kg/hm^(2)纯N)和5个施钾水平(K1、K2、K3、K4、K5,分别施0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2) K_(2)O),研究不同施氮、施钾水平对马铃薯生长及产量的影响。结果表明:块茎形成期和膨大期叶片的叶绿素含量随施氮、施钾量的增加而增加;块茎膨大期叶片SPAD值与施氮量呈显著正相关,块茎形成期叶片SPAD值与施钾量相关性不显著;块茎形成期和膨大期马铃薯的株高与茎粗均随施氮量的增加而增加,与施氮量呈显著正相关,与施钾量相关性不显著;块茎成熟期马铃薯的地上部、地下部干质量及总干质量均随施氮量的增加而增加,与施氮量呈显著正相关,与施钾量相关性不显著;马铃薯产量随施氮量增加呈上升趋势,施氮量在225 kg/hm^(2)时各处理平均产量最高,为28707.25kg/hm^(2);马铃薯产量、单株块茎质量、单株块茎数与施氮量呈显著正相关,干物质含量与施氮量呈显著负相关;马铃薯产量、商品薯率、单株块茎质量、单株块茎数、干物质含量与施钾量的相关性不显著。

To understand the effects of rates of nitrogen and potassium on the growth and yield of potato varieties of‘Favorita’,this study used five treatment with 0,75,150,225 and 300 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen and five treatment with 0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm^(2) K_(2)O to the plant in the southern winter paddy field.The results showed that the leaf chlorophyll content increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the SPAD value was positively correlated with the increase of nitrogen application rate,while the correlation with the increase of potassium application rate was not significant.The results also indicated that the plant height and stem diameter were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate during tuber initiation and the tuber bulking.There were significant positive correlations between plant height and stem diameter with nitrogen application rate,but the correlation with the increase of potassium application rate was not significant.The dry weight of total plant,above-ground and under-ground parts of potato plant increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate during tuber maturation.There were significant positive correlations between the dry weight with nitrogen application rate,and the correlation with the increase of potassium application rate was not significant.The yield of potato increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the average yield was the highest with 28707.25 kg/hm^(2) at 225 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen treatment.There were significant positive correlations between potato yield,the weight of individual tuber,number of tubers per plant with nitrogen application rate,and significant negative correlation between dry matter content and nitrogen application rate.There was no significant correlation between the potassium application rate with the potato yield,marketable tuber rate,the number of tuber per plant,mean tuber weight and the dry matter content.