水热法稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属研究进展

A review on hydrothermal treatment for stabilization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration

随着社会经济的发展和垃圾焚烧的应用,产生了大量属于危险废物的垃圾焚烧飞灰。其无害化处理技术的研发变得日益迫切,而水热处理技术是最具潜力的垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化技术之一。本文综述了水热法处理垃圾焚烧飞灰稳定重金属的研究进展。首先阐述了垃圾焚烧飞灰的理化性质;然后系统介绍了针对垃圾焚烧飞灰的水热处理方法,将其细分为传统水热法、添加剂辅助水热法和微波水热法,并分别总结了各类水热处理方法影响重金属稳定效果的因素,包括反应时间和温度、碱性激发剂及其浓度、液固比等;最后探讨了水热法稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属技术的优化途径,为后续的研究提供了研究思路,其中探究水热过程中硅铝酸盐矿物的合成及其稳定重金属机理极具发展潜力。

With the development of the social economy and the application of waste incineration,municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash,a hazardous waste,is generated in large amounts.The harmless treatment for MSWI fly ash is in urgency,and hydrothermal treatment is one of the most promising harmless treatment technologies.Hydrothermal treatment for stabilization of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash was reviewed in this paper.The physical and chemical properties of MSWI fly ash were firstly described.Then the hydrothermal treatment for MSWI fly ash was systematically introduced and was divided into three categories:traditional hydrothermal method,additive-assisted hydrothermal method and microwave-assisted hydrothermal method.The factors that influence the stabilization of heavy metals were summarized,including reaction time and temperature,alkaline agent and its concentration,solid-liquid ratio,etc.Finally,the optimization approach of the hydrothermal method for heavy metal stabilization in MSWI fly ash,and proposes suggestions for future studies were discussed.It is of great potential to explore the synthesis of aluminosilicate minerals in the hydrothermal process and the fundamental mechanisms of heavy metal stabilization.