良渚遗址祭坛与祭祀仪式研究

A Study on the Altar and Sacrificial Rituals Practiced at the Liangzhu Site

虽然良渚遗址祭坛的完整形象已经湮灭不存,但是通过一定的复原研究,仍然可以窥见当时祭坛建筑的基本形制为三层台阶的覆斗型建筑,并包括一定的附属建筑和山顶景观。通过对阳鸟祭坛图等良渚文化物质遗存的分析,可以复原部分祭坛之上所发生仪轨的要素。良渚祭坛之上主要进行的是祭祀太阳神的仪式,祭祀的主体为集神权与军权为一体的巫觋。良渚祭坛的文化价值还体现在祭坛的建造显示了时间意识的生成,表现了这一时期人们对时间和方位的混沌认识。

Although the complete image of the altar of the Liangzhu Site has been lost,a series of restoration studies have determined that the basic shape of the altar building at that time was a three-tiered hopper-shaped building accompanied by a certain number of auxiliary buildings and garden scapes kept on the tops of the surrounding hills.Analysis of the Liangzhu cultural material remains,such as the image of the Yangniao Bird Alter,has made it possible to reconstruct some of the scenes of the rituals practiced there.At the Liangzhu Altar,the main ritual involved the cult of the sun god,and was carried out by a shaman who embodied both divine power and military power.The cultural value of the Liangzhu Altar is also reflected in its architecture as it displays time consciousness and shows people's primitive understanding of time and orientation during that period.