当代俄罗斯文学的现实主义叙事

Realist Narration in the Contemporary Russian Literature

在苏联解体后的俄罗斯文坛上,后现代主义似乎成为主流,但实际上,传统的现实主义文学创作并未中断,而且无论从市场效应还是社会影响来看,现实主义写作一直占据相当重要的位置。其原因在于,所谓后现代主义在产生之初即陷于自身的悖谬性危机,而它对现实问题的逃离也为现实主义写作留下了广阔的空间。因此,在当代俄罗斯文学中,大量的文学作品都在延续着现实主义的艺术策略,如通过还原历史和事件现场把意义诉求转向现实,并通过典型化手法揭示更高的"精神实在"。此外,一些作家以所谓"新复古主义"的形态对传统的现实主义命题加以重构,借此对当代俄罗斯社会的都市问题、乡村问题以及不同阶层人群的生存境遇表达更切近现实的思考与关怀。由此可见,现实主义文学在当代俄罗斯文学中还具有强大的生命力。

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,postmodernism tends to be a trend.But it turns out that traditional realism is still working its way and playing an important role in market effect and social influence.Postmodernism leaves larger space than ever due to the potential paradoxical crisis of postmodernism at its emergence with its manner of escape from realities.It is no surprise there still exists realism in the prodigious literary output of the contemporary Russian literature.They turn the appeal of significance to reality by exposing the higher goal of“spiritual reality”via the representative treatment of the common,average,and everyday life and by restoring the history and the scene of the event.In addition,they reconstruct traditional realism proposition in the form of the“Neo-Classicism”,expressing far more realist concern and reflection about both the rural and the urban issues in Russia,together with the living conditions of people of all works of life.Obviously,realism is still exerting its force in the field of the contemporary Russian literature.