明清世情题材小说中师徒关系的伦理叙事

The Ethical Narration of Relationship of Teachers and Studentsin the Realistic Theme Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties

师道与师门不仅是明清之际的特定文化现象,更得到了明清世情题材小说的集体关注。塾师在"德才老成"方面展现出为师的风范,他们在与东家的关系上希望免遭冷遇。学生对待塾师、座师,需永志师恩,乐于回报。除了师、生、东家这些人物关系的刻画,师徒叙事还与情节冲突的展开密切相关。塾师之就任可能与受到推荐大有关联,有时也要迎来争馆的风波。

The teachers’ways and their heritage in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties featured a unique cultural phenomenon,reflected concurrently in most novels on love and marriage.The old-style private teachers displayed their demeanor in both virtue,ability and maturity,and they hoped to avoid cold shoulder in the relationship with their employers.The students were expected to be devoted to their teachers and examiners,willing to pay them back.In addition to the descriptions of the relationship between teachers,students and employers,narrations on teacher-student relationship is closely related to the conflicts of plots.The employment of an old-style private teacher might result from the recommendation,leading to sore competitions sometimes.