冬夏两季水牛乳中细菌多样性的比较分析

Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Colostrum and Normal Milk of Buffalo Based on 16S rDNA High-throughput Sequencing

利用16S rDNA高通量测序研究冬夏两季水牛乳中的细菌多样性。提取当天采集的生水牛乳样本的细菌总DNA,PCR扩增其16S rDNA,采用Miseq PE300平台进行高通量测序以及BLAST比对。结果冬季组样本共得到19个细菌门,92个目,456个属和733个种。而夏季组样本共得到14个门,63个目,274个和424个菌种。冬季组中的细菌多样性显著高于夏季组。夏季组中的优势菌属为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium),而冬季组的优势菌属则为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、库特氏菌属(Kurthia)、土地杆菌属(Pedobacter)。样本层级聚类显示:夏季组与冬季组组间群落差异不显著。PCA与PLS-DA分析表明:冬夏两季样本组组间菌群结构差异显著。得出结论季节因素对水牛乳中细菌多样性影响较大,在湿热的夏季,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)占优势,而在低温干燥的冬季,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacteri⁃um)、库特氏菌属(Kurthia)则占优势。冬夏两季水牛乳样本整体呈现较丰富的多样性,且冬季组中的细菌多样性明显高于夏季组。

To study the bacterial diversity in summer and winter buffalo milk by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.Total bacterial DNA was extracted from raw buffalo milk samples collected on the same day,and 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR.High-throughput se⁃quencing and BLAST comparison were performed using Miseq PE300 platform.There were 19 phyla,92 orders,456 genera and 733 species in winter group.In the summer group,a total of 14 phyla,63 orders,274 and 424 species were obtained.The bacterial diversity in winter group was significantly higher than that in summer group.The dominant bacteria in the summer group are Acinetobacter,Lactococcus and Chrys⁃eobacterium,while those in winter group were Bacillus,Corynebacterium,Kurthia and Pedobacter.The hierarchical cluster analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the summer group and the winter group.PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed that there were sig⁃nificant differences in bacterial flora structure between winter and summer groups.Seasonal factors have a great influence on the bacterial di⁃versity in buffalo milk.In humid and hot summer,the bacteria of Lactococcus and Chryseobacterium are dominant,while in cold and dry winter,Bacillus,Corynebacterium and Kurthia prevail.The samples of buffalo milk in winter and summer showed rich diversity on the whole,and the bacterial diversity in winter group was significantly higher than that in summer group.