“五禽戏”养生文化的历史流变及生命内涵

Historical Development and Meaning of“Wuqinxi”Health Preservation Culture

在健康中国时代背景下,探寻传统体育养生文化的功能与价值,对促进全民健康、助力全民健身具有重要意义。运用版本学、文献断代辨伪学、古籍整理学等研究方法,对“五禽戏”的起源、发展流变及其养生文化要义进行探究。“五禽戏”发轫于南北朝时期,来源于古代仿生导引养生理论与实践,在历史发展过程中形成了诸多版本,其中《养性延命录》本“五禽戏”是现存最早也是最接近华佗原创的版本,而后是《太上老君养生诀》《卫生真诀》《赤凤髓》和《内外功图说辑要》等版本,且各版本均有特色。天人合一的生命境界、阴阳五行的生命法则、外动内静的生命实践、仿生之戏的生命情趣、立象尽意的生命美学、大爱仁心的生命高度共同构成了“五禽戏”养生文化丰富的生命内涵。

Under the background of the building healthy China,exploration into the functions and values of the traditional sports health preservation culture is of great significance to promoting the health of all the people and helping them to keep fit.Philology,literature dating,and ancient books collation revealed that“Wuqinxi”originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties,derived from the ancient bionic guided health-preserving theory and practice,and formed many versions in the course of historical development.Among them,the“Wuqinxi”kept in Records of Nourishing the Body and Extending Life was the original version Hua Tuo’s.Later,there were versions in Health Care Tips of Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad,Hygiene Tips,Red Phoenix Health-keeping Qigong,and the Compendium of Internal and External Skills.Each version had its own characteristics.According to the research,the life state of the unity of nature and human beings,the law of life of the five elements of yin and yang,the practice of external movement and internal quietness,the pleasure from simulation,the aesthetics of imagery,and the life of great love and benevolence in“Wuqinxi”had rich meanings of life of health preservation culture.