始于三角——1950年前后路易·康建筑设计语言的转变分析

Beginning with Triangles:Analysis on the Changes in Louis Kahn's Architectural Design Language Around 1950

路易·康是20世纪美国著名建筑师,在其一生的建筑实践中,作品形式纷繁复杂,在对建筑空间的组织方式上呈现出了阶段性的变化。其中较为显著的变化是在1950年前后的建筑方案里,出现了多处包含三角形的构成要素,而在此前及此后却极少有使用三角形要素参与构成的方案。从这一特殊时期中对其建筑作品的观察出发,笔者绘制相关图纸与建筑模型,分析路易·康的建筑中三角形构成要素的不同使用方式,探讨为何其在以三角形为主导的构图方式向后期转变为方形单元化组织空间的可能的原因。通过理解这一关键时期康的设计语言的转变,对康后续的作品思想的解读也有着较为重要的意义。

Louis Kahn is a famous American architect of the twentieth century. In his architectural practice throughout his life, his works were various and complex, showing a periodical change in the organization of architectural space. One of the significant changes was that triangles were used in many architectural projects around 1950, but before and after, there were only few triangular elements had been used in the composition of the works. By observing of his architectural works in this special period and drawing some of the related plans and models, we discuss the different ways of using triangle constituent elements in his architectural works, and the possible reasons why his triangledominated composition method has transformed into a square unitized organization of the architectural space. By understanding the change of Kahn’s design language during this critical period, it is of great significance to read the thought of Kahn’s subsequent works.