传统农耕智慧下的乡村社会生态韧性——福建省南靖县世界文化遗产河坑土楼群聚落景观解析

Resilience of the Rural Social-ecological System with Traditional Farming Wisdom:A Case Study of the Landscape of World Cultural Heritage Tulou Settlement in Hekeng Village,Nanjing County,Fujian Province

福建省南靖县世界文化遗产土楼聚落河坑村是汉族稻作农业向闽西南山区拓展,逐步吸收土著生存智慧成就的农副养结合的复合型农耕聚落,其景观形态的形成是传统农耕智慧下人与自然复杂互动的结果,反映乡村社会生态系统的韧性机制。采用人类学的文献研究、口述历史和参与式观察等方法,初步还原传统农耕时期(清代至民国)聚落状况,包括“因地制宜”的农业生态系统及“顺天应时”的农耕生产生活方式。透过河坑村“人与天调”的聚落景观动态变化背后复杂的人与自然的互动,揭示传统农耕智慧下的乡村社会生态韧性。

Hekeng Village,a World Cultural Heritage Tulou settlement in Nanjing County,Fujian Province,is a compound farming settlement combining farming,sideline farming,and breeding with the Han nationality's rice farming expanding to the mountainous areas of southwestern Fujian and gradually absorbing the achievements of indigenous survival wisdom.The formation of its landscape is the result of the complex interaction between human and nature based on traditional farming wisdom,which reflects the resilience mechanism of the rural social-ecological system.The anthropological literature research,oral history,and participatory observation methods are used to initially restore the settlement conditions of the traditional farming period(from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China),including the agroecosystem"adapted to local conditions"and the farming production lifestyle"adapted to the times".Through the complex interaction between human and nature behind the dynamic"harmony between human and nature"changes of the settlement landscape of Hekeng Village,the paper reveals the resilience of social-ecological system in rural society under the traditional farming wisdom.