“布什模式”、科技遏制与冷战思维

“Bush Model”,The Containment in Science and Technology and Cold War Mentality

目前,美国对中国发起的“科技遏制”背后隐藏着一种狭隘的冷战思维,体现在《无疆前沿法案》所包含的“布什模式”之中。布什模式认为基础研究是保障国家安全的关键,构成了“马歇尔计划”的组成部分,进而建构了美国在西方世界中的领导角色。从科学哲学来看,冷战思维源于蒯因的整体论。冷战思维用“国家安全”去绑架科学,会将科学家的眼光限制在狭隘的政治战略框架内,进而弱化他们挑战科学前沿与扩大自身社会角色的能力。

At present,behind“the Containment in Science and Technology”initiated by the United States against China,there is a narrow Cold War Mentality,which is embodied in the Bush model included in the“Endless Frontier Act.”The Bush model believes that basic research is the key to guaranteeing national security,constitutes an integral part of the“Marshall Plan”,and then constitutes the leading role of the United States in the Western world.From philosophy of science,The Cold War Mentality originated from Quine’s holism in philosophy of science.On scientific issues,the Cold War Mentality is wrong.If people kidnap science with“national security of the United States”,it will restrict scientists’vision within a narrow political and strategic framework,thereby weakening their ability to challenge the frontiers of science and expand their social roles.