癸未大水纪事本末与文学书写——以《绘水集》为中心

The History and Literary Writing of Guiwei Flood:with a Focus on The Collection of Painting Water

癸未大水是清代自然灾害史上具有典型性的事件,直接关联清朝国运,被认为是“道光萧条”的重要原因。《绘水集》是记录这次灾难的倡和诗集,编者震泽王之佐出自江南孝义之家,是基层社会力量参与救灾的典型代表。他基于灾难见闻和救灾实践绘图征诗,征集活动持续十五年之久,汇聚了社会各阶层近八十名作者的诗歌及序跋。《绘水集》作品主要包括癸未大水的灾难书写、赈济事件和人物的书写,既有现场性的文字,更多追忆性题赠,民胞物与的人道主义精神溢满字里行间。《绘水集》编刊的核心要义是提醒人们“安不忘危”,从民风改革和水利建设等方面提出了积极建议,是对“灾难过后,文学何为”这一问题的回答,具有重要的文学社会学意义。

Guiwei Flood was a typical event in the history of natural disasters in the Qing Dynasty,which was directly related to the destiny of the Qing Dynasty.It is considered to be an important reason for“Daoguang depression”.The Collection of Painting Water is a collection of poems recording the disaster.Its editor,Wang Zhizuo of Zhenze,born in a family in the South-Yangtze area that valued duty and justice,was a typical representative of grassroot social forces participating in disaster relief.Based on his disaster experience and disaster relief practice,he collected poems and prefaces of nearly 80 authors from all walks of life for 15 years.The works mainly include the disaster writing,relief events and remarkable figures during the Guiwei Flood,including on-site report,more recalling poems,and the spirit of humanitarianism permeates between the lines.The core of the compilation and publication of The Collection of Painting Water is to remind people to“never forget danger”and put forward positive suggestions from the aspects of folk customs reform and water conservancy construction.It is an answer to the question of“what is literature in post-disaster time”and has important sociological significance of literature.