东京奥运周期皮划艇静水项目竞技格局及发展趋势研究

Competition pattern and development trend of canoe sprint in the Tokyo Olympic cycle

目的:分析皮划艇项目世界竞技格局,预测项目发展趋势,为备战2020年东京奥运会和发展潜优势项目提供信息支持。方法:搜集处理近三年皮划艇世界锦标赛(2017—2019年)相关比赛数据,对金牌分布情况进行统计分析;对国内外学术期刊数据库收录的相关资料进行逻辑分析。结果:在竞技格局方面:1)金牌榜整体格局延续多极化发展趋势,德国、匈牙利和新西兰等强国实力突出。2)项目发展不平衡,主要表现为各国在男女项目、短距离及中长距离项目发展上呈现不均衡性;此外,项目地域发展不均衡显著。在发展趋势方面:1)奥运参赛项目调整改革,女子项目数量增加,利于推动男女项目均衡发展。2)项目改革利于兼项,尤其是女子项目。3)短距离项目成绩稳定,难以突破,男子长距离项目发展存机遇。结论与建议:1)在当前多极化的竞争格局中,我国皮划艇项目整体水平与强国尚有较大差距,应注重对项目特征和制胜规律的探索,深入研究学习德国在男子项目,匈牙利、新西兰、加拿大在女子项目的科学训练方法与经验。2)在确定运动员的主攻项目上,我国女子项目可将划艇200 m和500 m作为主攻方向,男子可将1000 m皮艇、划艇作为主攻方向。3)从长远来看,要围绕项目特征和训练规律,以竞技能力、参赛能力的发展和提高为重点,深入进行皮划艇科学化训练理论和实践体系建设。

Objective:To analyze the competitive pattern of canoe sprint event,forecast the development trend of the event,and provide information support for the preparation for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the development of potential advantage events.Methods:The data of Canoe Sprint World Championships(2017-2019)were collected and processed,and the distribution of gold medals was analyzed statistically.Logical analysis is made on the data collected in the database of academic journals at home and abroad.Results:In terms of competitive pattern:1)The overall pattern of the gold medal table continued the trend of multi-polarization,with Germany,Hungary and New Zealand having outstanding strength.2)Imbalanced development of events,mainly manifested in the uneven development of male and female events,short distance events and medium and long distance events among different countries;In addition,the development of the events is significantly regionally unbalanced.In terms of development trend:1)The adjustment and reform of Olympic participating events and the increase of the number of women's events are conducive to the balanced development of the events.2)The reform is conducive to concurrent training,especially women's events.3)The results of the short distance events are stable and difficult to break through;there are opportunities for the development of the men's long distance events.Conclusions:1)In the current multi-polar competition pattern,China overall level still lags far behind that of the powerful countries.We should take count of the exploration of the characteristics and winning rules,and study the scientific training methods and learn the experience of Germany in men's events and Hungary,New Zealand and Canada in women's events.2)In determining the key events,we can take women’s canoe 200 m and 500 m,and men’s canoe 1000 m and kayak 1000 m as the main direction.3)In the long run,the construction of scientific training theory and practice system should be carried out,focusing on the development and improvement of competitive ability and participating ability,around the characteristics of the project and training rules.