论智能船舶碰撞的法律责任

The legal liability of intelligent ships collision

智能船舶是人工智能、大数据、互联网等科学技术快速发展的产物,有利于船舶实现航行、货物运输、维护保养的自动化、智能化。一方面,能使船舶更加安全、环保、经济和高效;另一方面,智能船舶发生碰撞事故有其自身的特殊性。其中,责任主体包括岸基操作人员、系统生产商和船舶所有人,归责原则仍以过错责任原则为主,但要根据案情确定最终承担责任的主体。智能船舶仍可依据单方过失、互有过失以及无过失碰撞三种碰撞类型划分责任。通过明确智能船舶和船员的法律地位及责任承担方式,重塑海上保险制度,建立针对智能船舶的司法约束机制,主动适应海上航运业的新形势,建立健全智能船舶碰撞的法律责任制度,保障海上航行安全。

Intelligent ship is the product of the rapid development of artificial intelligence,big data,Internet and other science and technology,which is conducive to the automation and intelligence of ship navigation,cargo transportation and maintenance.On the one hand,it will make the ship more safe,environmental protection,economic and efficient;on the other hand,intelligent ship collision accident has its own particularity.Among them,the subject of responsibility includes shore based operators,system manufacturers and ship owners.The principle of imputation is still based on the principle of fault liability,but the final subject of responsibility should be determined according to the facts of the case.Intelligent ships can still be divided into three types of collision:unilateral fault,mutual fault and no fault collision.By clarifying the legal status and liability of intelligent ship and crew,this paper aims to reshape the marine insurance system,establishes the judicial restraint mechanism for intelligent ship,actively adapts to the new situation of maritime shipping industry,establishes and improving the legal liability system for intelligent ship collision,and ensures the safety of maritime navigation.