大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)扰动对人工梭梭林土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Rhombomys opimus disturbance on soil physical and chemical properties of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest

以人工梭梭林大沙鼠正在使用(有效洞)和已废弃(废弃洞)的洞穴为研究对象,分层测定0~30 cm土壤水分、有机质、全氮等,探讨大沙鼠挖掘活动对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:(1)含水量和容重在0~30 cm土层土壤变化规律相同,表现为废弃洞<有效洞<对照,且随着洞穴深度的增加含水量与容重均增大。有效洞和废弃洞各土层的含盐量均随土壤深度的增加而减小。有效洞各土层的pH增大,废弃洞各土层减小。(2)全氮在各土层(0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm)有效洞比废弃洞含量高0.23 g·kg^(-1)、0.13 g·kg^(-1)、0.22 g·kg^(-1)。相同土层的全磷、全钾表现为:有效洞>废弃洞>对照,0~10 cm含量最高。有效磷在有效洞和废弃洞各土层的变化规律相同,20~30 cm含量最高。有效钾在各土层含量有效洞是废弃洞的1.05倍、1.01倍、1.01倍。有机质在有效洞与废弃洞的总量增加了63.2%、48.8%。综上所述,鼠类活动有效洞的土壤养分普遍高于废弃洞,各土层呈不同程度的增加,说明大沙鼠扰动能改变土壤容重与水分格局,促进养分积累,增加土壤肥力。通过探讨大沙鼠扰动对土壤理化性质的影响,将进一步明确大沙鼠在梭梭林中的生态功能和作用。

An investigation into the influence of Rhombomys opimus disturbance on the physical and chemical properties of soil could clarify the ecological function and role that R.opimus plays in artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest.Specifically,the in-use(effective burrows)and abandoned(abandoned burrows)burrows of R.opimus in an artificial H.ammodendron forest were analyzed for the layered determination of 0-30 cm soil moisture,organic matter,total nitrogen,and other parameters to determine how R.opimus excavation activities influence the physical and chemical properties of soil.The results showed that the water content and bulk density of the 0-30 cm layer of soil had the same change laws:Abandoned cave<effective hole<control;and the water content and bulk density increased with increased burrow depth.The salt content in the soil layers in the effective and abandoned burrows decreased with increased soil depth.The pH of each soil layer increased in the effective burrows,but decreased in the abandoned burrows.The total nitrogen in each soil layer(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm)in the effective burrows was 0.23 g·kg^(-1),0.13 g·kg^(-1),and 0.22 g·kg^(-1) higher than in the abandoned burrows.The total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil layers were:Effective burrows>abandoned burrows>control,with the highest content in the 0-10 cm layer.The available phosphorus in the soil layers of both burrows had the same change rule,with the highest content in the 20-30 cm layer.The effective potassium in each soil level in the effective burrows was 1.05,1.01,and 1.01 times that of the abandoned burrows.Organic matter:The total amount of organic matter in the effective and abandoned burrows increased by 63.2%and 48.8%,respectively.In summary,the soil nutrients of the effective burrows were generally higher than those of the abandoned burrows,and the soil nutrients increased in different degrees,indicating that R.opimus disturbance could change the soil bulk density and water patterns,promote nutrient accumulation,and increase soil fertility.