基于诠释学视野的《温疫论》学术思想研究

Research on the academic thoughts of Wenyi Lun from the perspective of hermeneutics

明末清初,全国各地瘟疫流行不断,时医者多以仲景伤寒法治之,迁延不效,武山吴氏又可静心穷理,提出温疫所发,非古人所说的“四时不正之气”导致,而乃“天地间别有一种异气所感”,邪从口鼻而入,内伏膜原,并据此创制治疫名方达原饮,将中医瘟疫史向前推进了一大步,实现了中医学的一次理论创新,吴又可本人亦因此被尊为温病学派的开山之人。从诠释学视野来看,此次创新实际上是特定时代下医者运用了正确的叙述方法对中医经典及前人之论的一次重新整合和解释,实现了效果历史下的视域融合,这对于我们当前环境下中医理论继承和创新路径的探索具有重要启示,即在解读中医经典文本的过程中当结合时代特点与实践经验,在继承的基础上实现理论突破与创新。

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,epidemic infectious diseases prevailed throughout the country.Most of the doctors in those days rigidly followed Zhang Zhongjing to treat them as exogenous cold diseases,but the method was ineffective and the diseases prolonged over time.Wu Youke of Wushan was able to stay calm and pursue the truth,put forward that the outbreak of epidemics was not caused by the ancient saying of“the abnormal weather in the four seasons”,but“an unique abnormal qi existing between heaven and earth”.He maintained that the pathogens entered and hid in the pleuro-diaphragmatic interspace through the nose and mouth.Basing on this theory,he created the famous prescription Dayuan Yin for the treatment of epidemics,taking a big step forward in the plague history of traditional Chinese medicine and realizing a theoretical innovation,and Wu Youke himself was honored as the pioneer of the school of warm diseases.However,from the perspective of hermeneutics,this innovation is actually a re-integration and interpretation of TCM classics and predecessors’theories by Wu Youke using the correct narrative methods in a specific era,which realizes the fusion of perspectives under the effective history.This innovative insight into the academic thoughts of Wenyi Lun has important implications for the exploration of inheritance and innovation path of TCM theory under the current environment,that is,in the process of interpreting TCM classic texts,the characteristics of the times and practical experience should be combined to achieve theoretical breakthroughs and innovations on the basis of inheritance.