绿色化学的若干衡量指标

Metrics to Green Chemistry

介绍了几种用于衡量工艺及产品绿色化程度的量化指标,包括原子经济性、碳效率、反应质量效率、环境因子、环境商值、过程质量强度、生命周期评价、绿色期望水平等,而且对这些指标的定义、区别与联系做了比较和说明。通过具体的实例,对部分指标的概念和计算方法做了细致的分析。绿色化衡量指标涵盖了原料、工艺过程、产品和废物等诸多方面,极大地推进了绿色化学的发展,也为政府、商业界和工业界落实可持续发展提供了标准。

This paper introduces the main metrics that have been commonly used to test and compare the“greenness”of processes and products,including atom economy,the carbon efficiency,the reaction mass efficiency,the environmental fact,the environmental quotient,the process mass intensity,the life cycle assessment and the green aspiration level.The definition,difference and connection of these metrics are described in detail.Application examples are also presented to illustrate key concepts and their calculation.The green metrics cover aspects of starting materials,processing,products,wastes,and amongst others.The advent of these metrics not only promotes the advances of green chemistry,but also drives business,government and communities towards the standard of more sustainable practices.