基于生物力学的自走式喷雾机驾驶员下肢姿势舒适性研究

Research on lower limb posture comfort of drivers based on biomechanical self-moving spray machine

针对人体的关节角度不能准确反映人体的关节受力,导致所构建的模型在模拟驾驶舒适性评价时应用效果欠佳,也不能解释类似舒适性机理等深层次问题,提出通过计算驾驶员下肢的关节力矩方法研究喷雾机驾驶姿势的舒适性。首先在CATIA中建立喷雾机的虚拟仿真模型,通过RAMSIS修改座椅高度和离合踏板距离的参数设定,预测驾驶员在约束条件下的最舒适驾驶姿势,并测量得到下肢关节的角度,对布置参数与各个关节角度的关系进行单变量回归分析,选取与喷雾机最为接近的两组定量,分析得出踏板距离对踝关节影响最明显,最大变化幅度为22.564°。运用雅各宾法对驾驶员的髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的力矩进行计算研究,得出驾驶员下肢各关节舒适性的影响因素都不相同,其中离合踏板的阻力方向和力臂变化对髋、膝关节舒适性影响较大,而踏板阻力的力矩作用对踝关节影响更明显,对以后的喷雾机驾驶室的人机优化和驾驶员人体肌肉力的研究提供依据。

The angle of the joints facing the human body cannot accurately describe the force of the joints of the human body,which leads to the poor evaluation of the constructed model in driving comfort simulations.The model also cannot describe comfort.In this paper,the driving posture comfort is studied by calculating the joint torque of the lower limb of the sprayer driver.First,a virtual simulation model of the sprayer was established in CATIA.Then,the parameter settings of seat height and clutch pedal distance were modified through RAMSIS.The driver's most comfortable driving posture was predicted under constrained conditions,and the angle of the lower limb joints was measured.The relationship between the parameters and the angles of each joint was analyzed by univariate regression.The two groups of quantifications closest to the sprayer were selected.The analysis showed that the pedal distance had the most obvious influence on the ankle joint,and the maximum change range was 22.564°.The Jacobian method is used to calculate and study the moments of the driver's hip,knee,and ankle joints.In the final analysis,it is concluded that The influencing factors of the comfort of each joint of the driver's lower limbs are different.The resistance direction of the clutch pedal and the change of the moment arm have a greater impact on the comfort of the hip and knee joints,while the torque effect of the pedal resistance has a more noticeable effect on the ankle joint.This paper provides the basis for future research on the man-machine optimization of the atomizer cab and the human muscle force of the driver.