营养干预妊娠期糖尿病对血糖及妊娠结局的影响

Effects of nutrition intervention on blood glucose and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨营养干预妊娠期糖尿病患者220例对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2020年6月收治的产科住院患者220例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇作为研究对象,给予医学营养治疗,在观察中发现患者依从性程度不同,取得的治疗效果不同,妊娠结束后进行总结。依据患者对营养治疗依从性不同将患者分为2组,将不采纳营养医师意见,对营养治疗依从性差的孕妇作为对照组;将配合程度好,严格按照营养医师建议进行医学营养治疗的孕妇即依从性好的作为观察组,每组110例。妊娠结束后比较2组孕妇孕期血糖变化和妊娠结束后得到的妊娠结局情况。结果观察组患者妊娠高血压综合征、早产、剖宫产的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组孕妇胎膜早破、产后出血及羊水过多发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);依从性好的观察组早产儿、巨大儿的发生率明显低于依从性差的对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组孕妇新生儿窒息发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论医学营养治疗妊娠期糖尿病可以帮助患者更好的控制血糖在正常范围,也能改善患者的不良妊娠结局,但是其治疗效果与患者对医学营养治疗的依从性有关,依从性好的孕妇效果明显优于依从程度差的孕妇。可在临床中推广应用,并在应用过程中不断探讨和改进方法,提高孕妇对营养医学治疗的依从性,改善妊娠结局,减少母婴并发症,提升母婴安全。

Objective To investigate the effects of nutrition intervention on blood glucose and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 220 pregnant women with gestational diabetes,who were admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020,were divided into observation group with good compliance and control group with poor compliance,with 110 cases in each group.After pregnancy,the changes of blood glucose during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The incidence rates of pregnancy-induced hypertension,premature delivery,macrosomia and cesarean section in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidences rates of premature rupture of membranes,postpartum hemorrhage,polyhydramnios and neonatal asphyxia between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The nutritional intervention can control the blood glucose,improve the pregnancy outcome of pregnant women.Therefor it is worthy popularizing in clinical practice.