6061铝合金超声波辅助激光焊接变形控制研究

Research on deformation control of ultrasonic-assisted laser welding of 6061 aluminum alloy

为了解决6061铝合金在激光焊接过程中出现的易变形、变形大的问题,采用施加超声波以辅助焊接的方法,以1mm厚的6061铝合金薄板为研究对象展开超声波辅助激光焊接试验,探究超声波对6061铝合金焊接变形的抑制作用;利用单因素试验方法分析了超声波功率对焊接变形的影响规律,设计包括超声波功率、激光功率、焊接速率、离焦量、保护气流量在内的五因素五水平正交试验,分析了超声波功率以及常规焊接参量分别对焊接变形的影响程度,并获得了能够得到最小变形的工艺参量组合。结果表明,焊接变形会随着超声波功率的增加而减小,超声波功率800W时较无超声情况下试件的挠曲变形及角变形分别减小了51.27%和51.46%;同时,当激光功率为1000W、焊接速率为5m/min、离焦量为+1mm、保护气流量为15L/min、超声波功率为800W时,可以获得变形最小的试件,所得到的试件挠曲变形量为0.42mm,角变形量为0.26mm。此研究为超声波辅助焊接在控制薄板焊接变形方面的应用提供了一定的工艺和理论参考。

In order to solve the problem of easy deformation and large deformation of 6061 aluminum alloy in the laser welding process,ultrasonic assisted laser welding experiment was carried out with 1mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy sheet as the research object to explore the inhibition effect of ultrasonic on welding deformation of 6061 aluminum alloy.The influence of ultrasonic power on welding deformation was analyzed by single factor test method.Five factors and five levels orthogonal test including ultrasonic power,laser power,welding speed,defocusing amount,and shielding gas flow wer designed.The influence degree of ultrasonic power and conventional welding parameters on welding deformation was analyzed,and the process parameters combination which can obtain the minimum deformation were obtained.The results show that the welding deformation decreases with the increase of ultrasonic power,and the bending deformation and angular deformation of the specimen are reduced by 51.27%and 51.46%respectively when the ultrasonic power is 800W.At the same time,when the laser power is 1000W,the welding speed is 5m/min,the defocusing amount is+1mm,the shielding gas flow rate is 15L/min,and the ultrasonic power is 800W,the minimum deformation of the specimen can be obtained,and the bending deformation is 0.42mm,and the angular deformation is 0.26mm.This study provides a certain technological and theoretical reference for the application of ultrasonic assisted welding in controlling welding deformation of thin plates.