农村劳动力回流、就业选择与农地转出--基于千村调查的经验研究

Return of Rural Migrant Labor,Employment Choice and Land Transfer:Empirical from“Thousand Village Survey”

农村劳动力回流趋势增强,不可避免对农地流转产生影响。文章在理论层面深入剖析了回流劳动力的就业选择与农地转出关系,并采用上海财经大学“千村调查”的数据资料,实证检验了农村劳动力回流特征变化和回流劳动力就业选择对农地转出的影响。研究发现,受非农就业不稳定的推力作用和与家人团聚的拉力作用,越来越多的外出劳动力选择回流,西部外出劳动力回流率最高,达到47.2%。回流劳动力的农地转出率普遍高于非回流劳动力的农地转出率,回流劳动力从事非农生产的就业选择对农地转出存在促进效应,而兼业和务农的选择对农地转出存在抑制效应,这意味着回流农村劳动力并非一定会选择农业生产,也可能选择在更小的地理半径内从事非农就业,并且长期外出从事技术工的经历进一步增强了劳动力回流对农地转出的抑制效应。虽然回流劳动力更倾向非农就业,但回流劳动力规模的扩大,使得兼业和纯务农的比例增加,对农地转出的抑制效应呈增强趋势。研究还发现,个人特征、家庭因素、社会网络也是影响劳动力就业选择和农地转出的重要因素,基层政府和地方政府在推动非农就业的政策合力上存在部分抵消,对农地转出产生了抑制作用。文章为农地流转进程缓慢提供了新的解释,推进农地流转需要关注农村劳动力流动特征新变化,同时兼顾各层级政策目标的衔接性。

This paper attempts to find the focal point for realizing the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture by discussing the employment options of returning labor and the relationship between agricultural land transfer.Uses data from the“Thousand Village Survey”of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,which to study the impact of changes in the characteristics of the return of rural labor and employment choices of return labor on the transfer of agricultural land.The study found that it is driven by the instability of non-agricultural employment and the pull of family reunion,more and more migrant laborers choose to return,Especially in the west,the return rate of migrant workers reached 47.2%.The transfer rate of agricultural land for returning samples is generally higher than that of non-refluxing samples,non-agricultural employment has a promoting effect on land transfer,part-time employment and pure farming has an inhibitory effect on land transfer.This means that returning rural labor may not necessarily choose agricultural production,but may also choose to engage in non-agricultural employment within a smaller geographic radius.From the two dimensions of the type of work and the time of employment of the returned rural laborers during their out-of-office period,the employment choices of the returned laborers and their impact on the transfer of agricultural land are further investigated.The returning labor force is even less willing to choose to engage in agricultural production activities.For skilled workers,their level of human capital is relatively high,and they may also have relatively high social capital,making it easier to find non-agricultural jobs after returning.The level of human capital of skilled workers is relatively high,and the corresponding non-agricultural wage income is also relatively high.Relatively speaking,whether the transfer of agricultural land will increase their income level is not so obvious,thus neglecting the management and use of land.For migrant workers,the longer they go out to work,the higher their accumulated human capital,and it is relatively easier for this part of the labor force to find non-agricultural jobs after returning.Moreover,the longer they go out,the longer they are away from farming,and the original agricultural production skills may become blurred,which will make them unwilling to engage in agricultural production activities.Although the return of labor is more inclined to non-agricultural employment,the proportion of part-time and purefarming has increased,and the inhibitory effect on the transfer of agricultural land has shown an increasing trend.The study also found that personal characteristics,family factors,and social networks are also important factors affecting labor employment choices and farmland transfer.The study also found that the inconsistency of policy objectives between the grassroots government and local government has negative effect on land transfer.This paper provides a new explanation for the slow process of land transfer.To promote land transfer,we need to pay attention to changes in the characteristics of rural labor mobility,while taking into account the cohesion of policy objectives at all levels.