基于GIS的双目标多准则决策方法

Research and application of GIS-based multiple-criteria decision making method for dual objectives

现阶段对空间适宜性评价普遍采用单目标多准则决策的方法,但该方法不能对不同决策目标进行比较,在目标的选取上具有过强的主观性。为此文章在详细梳理多准则决策与GIS结合的研究成果基础上,提出了可有效与ArcGIS软件相结合的双目标多准则决策方法。文中方法在单目标多准则决策的基础上增加了目标层次的决策机制,使得空间适宜性评价能够适应2种相互冲突的决策目标。构建了一套针对双目标多准则决策的核心——双目标决策平面法的体系化的操作流程,并对决策平面冲突区的划分提出全新方法——保证2个目标的权重比与冲突区分得的面积比相等的情况下完成冲突区的目标分配。最后,以北京市百善镇为例对该决策技术方法进行实践。

Currently,the GIS-based multiple-criteria decision making(GIS-MCDM)for single-objective is generally used for spatial suitability evaluation,but the way of selecting objectives is overly subjective,because there is no function to compare objectives before selecting them.Based on the research results about GIS-MCDM method in the past 30 years,this paper proposes a GIS-MCDM approach for dual-objectives that can be effectively combined with ArcGIS software.In comparison with MCDM for single-objective,our method adds a function of objective decision-making,which makes spatial suitability evaluation be able to deal with conflicting objectives.Our study establishes a systematic procedure for decision space approach,which is the core of dual-objective decision making.Moreover,a new way of partitioning conflict region on decision space is introduced.This approach keeps the ratio of the area to conflict region assigned to the objectives equal to the ratio of the weights assigned to the objectives when partitioning the conflict region.Finally,a case study of Baishan Town in Beijing is used to examine and illustrate the dual-objective decision-making method.