氢冶金理论与方法研究进展

Research progress on hydrogen metallurgy theory and method

冶金行业是我国重要的经济支撑行业,也是主要的碳排放行业。氢冶金是当前冶金领域低碳发展的重要方向,已受到国内外广泛关注。本文对氢冶金技术在钢铁冶金、有色金属冶金以及二次资源利用领域的基础理论研究、工艺应用研究进展进行了系统综述。作为气体还原剂,在温度大于810℃的条件下,氢气还原能力强于一氧化碳,且氢气的还原反应速率比碳还原剂高1到2个数量级。基于氢冶金的直接还原炼铁技术已处于技术成熟、稳步发展阶段,其应用包括典型的Midrex、HYL-Ⅲ工艺、欧洲的ULCOS、瑞典的HYBRT、日本的COURSE50项目以及我国的中晋矿业等。氢冶金在有色金属冶金以及二次资源利用领域的发展处于基础研究阶段,有待进一步技术突破。氢气大规模、低成本制备以及氢冶金过程的热量平衡是发展氢冶金技术亟待解决的关键问题。

The metallurgy industry is a strong support for economic and a major carbon emission industry in China.Hydrogen metallurgy is regarded as a vibrant research branch in developing efficient metallurgical technologies with low-carbon emission at present.Therefore,hydrogen metallurgical technology has been concerned worldwide.In the present paper,the recent developments of theory researches and applications of hydrogen metallurgical technology in the fields of extractive metallurgy of ferrous metals and nonferrous metals,and secondary resources utilization are systematically reviewed.As a gaseous reducing agent,H2 possesses a stronger reduction capacity than CO at the temperature higher than 810℃.And the reduction reaction rate of H2 is higher than that of carbon reducing agent with 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.The direct reduction iron making technology based on hydrogen metallurgy is in the stage of steady development,its application includes the typical processes Midrex and HYL-Ⅲ,and some other new projects,such as Europe’s ULCOS,Sweden's HYBRT,Japan’s COURSE50,and China's Zhongjin Mining.While the researches of hydrogen metallurgy in the fields of extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metals and secondary resource utilization are in theoretical study stage,and further technical breakthrough is in needed.The production of hydrogen with large scale and low cost and the thermal balance in hydrogen metallurgy process are the key problems to be solved in the future.