非市场交易:中国传统乡村社会集体行动的再解释

Non-market Transaction: The Further Explanation of Collective Action in the Chinese Traditional Rural Society

中国传统乡村社会中经验事实表明,人们在很多场合可以形成有效的集体行动。本文以乡村广泛存在的"治丧理事会"为例,提出"非市场交易"的概念,试图把人类社会的交易类型区分为市场交易和非市场交易。市场交易是经济发展、商业繁荣以及个体或群体社会协同的动力机制,非市场交易则是小型群体集体行动的微观动力机制的核心。并通过非市场交易这一概念来揭示中国传统社会中难以被西方社会理解的"关系"和"面子"等文化因素与集体行动相互耦合、相互强化的复杂关系,从而为乡村社会中生衍不息的集体行动探索经济动力,并以此作为钥匙打开乡村社会公共事务治理集体行动的黑箱,并用之剖析"乡村社会群聚族聚,共生共荣的"社会关系成因。

The experience of Chinese traditional rural society has shown that people can form effective collective actions on many occasions.This paper takes the"mourning council"which exists widely in rural areas as an example,puts forward the concept of"non-market transaction",and tries to divide the transaction types of human society into market transaction and non-market transaction.Market transaction is the dynamic mechanism of economic development,commercial prosperity and social coordination among individuals or groups,while non-market transaction is the core of micro-dynamic mechanism of collective action among small groups.Through non-market transactions,the complex relationship between cultural factors and collective actions from the traditional Chinese society can be easily explained,which is hard to understand from the western society such as"relation"and"face".This helps to explore the economic driving force for the collective action in rural society,and as a key to open the black box of collective action in the governance of rural social public affairs,and to analyze the causes of social relations in rural society.