集体土地所有权的张力及其消解——以集体土地的自然资源属性为进路

The Tension and Dissolution of the Ownership of Collective Land:Taking the Natural Resource Property of Collective Land as the Path

土地资源是自然历史过程中形成的可资人类利用的自然资源。集体土地所有权立足于土地资源之上,它是极具中国特色的土地产权制度。集体土地所有权制度与集体土地的自然资源属性之间存在三个向度的张力:传统货物所有权制度模板不能契合土地资源环境共生关系;单一私权化路径有悖于集体土地公私交错的权利形态;土地私权效率优先取向与土地资源内含社会整体效益之间存在冲突。张力的消解之道在于以集体土地的自然资源属性为进路,衡平国家、社会与集体、农民之间的利益,实现集体土地资源从公共利益到局部利益再到个体利益的合理分配。

Land resources are the natural resources formed in natural history.The land ownership of the collective is based on land resources,which is a land property rights system with Chinese characteristics.There are three dimensions of tension between the collective land ownership system and the natural resource attributes of collective land:the tension between the traditional goods ownership system and the symbiosis of the environment;the tension between a single path of private ownership and the form of collective land public and private rights;the tension between the efficiency of private rights and overall social benefits.The dissolution is to take the natural resource property of collective land as the path,balance the interests of the state society,collectives and farmers,and realize the rational distribution of collective land resources stepwise from public interests to local interests to individual interests.