现阶段家庭农场的生产经营特征分析——基于长江中下游地区的监测数据

Analysis on the Production and Operation Characteristics of Family Farms at Present Stage:Based on Monitoring Data in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

家庭农场本质上是家庭农业企业,是中国着力培育的农业经营组织,也是一种有效率的新型农业经营主体。运用经典农户模型,选取长江中下游地区家庭农场2014—2017年的监测数据,基于净买和净卖视角分析家庭农场的生产经营特征及差异。结果表明,长江中下游地区家庭农场的生产经营总体具有"高度的要素净买和产品净卖"特征,家庭农场高度参与要素市场和产品市场交易,而不完全的市场环境因素致使其面临较高的总交易成本。因此,需要营造有利于降低家庭农场总交易成本的市场环境,包括减少家庭农场的雇佣交易成本、降低家庭农场的土地交易成本、整合家庭农场的产品交易渠道等。

Family farm is essentially family agricultural enterprise,which is an agricultural operation organization and a new type of efficient agricultural operation subject cultivated by China.Using the classic household model,the monitoring data of family farms in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2014 to 2017 was selected to analyze the production and operation characteristics and its differences of family farms based on the perspectives of net buying and net selling.Results show that the production and operation of family farms in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have characteristics of"a high degree of net purchase of elements and net sales of products".Family farms are highly involved in the transaction of factor market and product market,and the incomplete market environment brings higher total transaction costs to family farms.Therefore,it is necessary to create a market environment conducive to reduce the total transaction costs of family farms,including reducing the employment transaction costs and the land transaction costs of family farms,while integrating the product transaction channels of family farms.