人类微生物组发展态势及建议

Development trends of human microbiome and some suggestions

近年来,基因组测序与分析技术的进步推动了人类微生物组研究的发展,进一步解析人体微生物组与全生命周期健康、疾病的发生发展营养/药物功效发挥的关系,并由此带来健康与医疗理念的变革。通过全面分析全球人类微生物组发展趋势,发现当前人类微生物组参考序列解析仍处于起步阶段,由“普查”人类微生物组的构成与分布逐步扩展到解析特定人群的微生物组。随着研究的深入,人类微生物组功能的因果机制解析逐渐成为研究重点,基于人类微生物组重构进行健康干预受到更多关注。中国已经开展了大量人类微生物组基础研究,在粪菌移植等特定应用方向取得了一定的进展,但仍面临缺少对大规模人群样本的长期跟踪分析、研究系统性需进一步加强、高价值微生物组重构产品自主创新能力不足、产品开发存在监管漏洞等问题。提出了推动中国人类微生物组发展的政策建议。

In recent years,the advances in the new generation genomic sequencing and bioinformatics technologies have pushed forward the development of the human microbiome research.The relationships between the human microbiome and the whole life cycle health,the occurrence and the development of diseases and the function of the nutrition or the medicine have been further explored,which brings changes in the health and medical concepts.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the global human microbiome development trends,it is found that the human microbiome reference sequence analysis is still in progress,and its emphasis has shifted from the census of the composition and the distribution of the human microbiome to the analysis of the composition of the microbiome of specific populations.The analysis of the causal mechanism gradually becomes the focus of the research,meanwhile the health interventions based on the reconstruction of the human microbiome have ushered in new insights.A large number of basic researches were carried out in China on the human microbiome,and great achievements were made in specific applications,such as the fecal bacteria transplantation.However,some problems remain to be solved,such as the lack of long-term tracking and analysis of large-scale population samples,the lack of systematic research work,the insufficient independent innovation capabilities of the high-value reconstruction products,as well as some regulatory loopholes in the product development.On this basis,some feasible policy recommendations are put forward for the future development of the human microbiome in China.