从陶诗的“率尔”论杜诗的“漫与”

On Du Fu's Offhandedness Through the Lens of Tao Yuanming's Forthrightness

草堂时期,杜诗大量流露出陶诗的旨趣。试以陶渊明《游斜川》一诗并序(401)与杜甫《江上值水如海势,聊短述》(761)对勘,即可发现两者关联度极高:同样是岁值“辛丑”、年开“五十”,同样起“老去”之感、“同游”之兴,且同为“率尔”与“漫与”之作,说明陶诗极有可能直接触发了杜诗。但对于杜甫而言,“老去诗篇浑漫与”乃一时兴到语,而“晚节渐于诗律细”为一生致力处,两者并不构成事实上的矛盾。

Du Fu's poems written in the four years when he lived in a thatched cottage in Chengdu(草堂时期)bore a striking resemblance to Tao Yuanming's(陶渊明)poems in terms of temperament.This paper compares the preface and lines of Tao's A Trip to Xiechuan River(《游斜川》)written in 401 A.D.with Du's By the River I Came on Waters that Looked Like a Sea:A Short Account(《江上值水如海势,聊短述》)written in 761 A.D.The comparison shows close correlation between these two poems.Both poems were written in the Xin Chou year(辛丑)in the sexagenary cycle of the Chinese calendar when the two poets were 50 years old.The two poems showed similar chagrin at aging and similar interest in accompanied travel on the part of their writers.Furthermore,the two poems displayed the two poets'offhandedness and forthrightness respectively.The points above indicate that the poem by Tao was very likely to have directly inspired Du in his poem.As for Du,his line that“As I get older,my poems are much more offhand”(老去诗篇浑漫与)was simply the result of a sudden whim.His life-long dedication to poem writing,on the other hand,was proclaimed in his line that“In my later phase,I gradually get more precise with poetic rules”(晚节渐于诗律细).However,Du's self-professed offhandedness and dedication to poetic craft did not constitute a factual contradiction.