汉语人语言和音乐认知的整体领悟性——从宽式语形和宽式音阶说起

The Chinese-Speaking People's Overall Understanding in their Language Cognition and Music Cognition:Starting from the Loose Linguistic Form and the Loose Musical Scale

语言和音乐都具有音响时间呈现的线条性,是人类听觉文化最深层的积淀,并且二者互动,因此是观察认知相对性的一个重要窗口。在中西方比较的视野中,汉语人与印欧语人在语言文化和音乐文化上有着明显的差异性。汉语是宽式语形,以五度相生律建构的五声音阶是宽式音阶。印欧语是严式语形,以十二平均律建构的七声音阶是严式音阶。宽式与严式的区别体现出了认知的相对性。这种相对性是在自然语言和音乐语言的发展中被逐渐范畴化的。从语法层和语义层来解释宽式语形,从五音的定义、命名及音高来解释宽式音阶,并以汉语古典文学和汉族传统音乐来探讨汉语人的思维模式,得出的初步结论为:宽式语形和宽式音阶都不同程度地体现并建构了汉语人认知的整体领悟性。

Both language and music have the linearity presented by acoustic time.They are the deepest accumulation of human auditory culture and interact with each other.Therefore,they are important windows through which we can observe the cognitive relativity.From the perspective ofthe comparison between China and the West,there are obvious differences between the Chinese-speaking people and their Indo-European-speaking counterparts in linguistic culture and music culture.Chinese is a language in loose form,and the pentatonic scale(五声音阶)constructed by the law of the mutual generation of five tones(五度相生律)is a loose musical scale.The Indo Europeanlanguages are languages in strict form,and the heptatonic scale(七声音阶)constructed by the twelve-tone equal temperament(十二平均律)is a strict musical scale.The difference between the looseness and the strictness is an embodiment of the cognitive relativity.This relativity has not been entirely sensibilized,but has been gradually categorized in the development of natural language and musical language.This paper will try to explain the loose linguistic form at the grammatical and semantic levels,to explain the loose musical scale from the definition,naming and pitch of five tones,and to discuss the thinking mode of the Chinese-speaking people through Chinese classical literature and traditional music of the Han nationality.Our initial conclusion is that both the loose linguistic form and the loose musical scale have,to different extents,embodiedand constructed the Chinese-speaking people's overall understanding in theircognition.