倾向性及其系统论进路

Disposition and Its Approach from System Theory

反事实条件句是语义学上理解倾向性的基本方式。刘易斯基于反事实条件句提出倾向性的语义学经典表达式,受到马丁"告密倾向性"反例的挑战;刘易斯的改进表达式仍然受到伯德"解毒剂"反例的威胁。系统论和反馈控制器思想将会提供一个新的解决进路。系统的核心要素与核心结构构成了系统的一阶内在属性,是系统因果性的物质性基础,决定了作为二阶属性的倾向性。刺激、反馈控制器、环境、核心要素、核心结构和反应给出了倾向性的反事实条件句表达的新定义。

Counterfactuals are the basic way to interpret disposition in semantics. Lewis put forward the classical expression of disposition on the basis of analyzing counterfactuals, which was challenged by Martin’s "finkish disposition". After improvement, it was still threatened by Bird’s counterexample called "antidote". System theory and feedback controller thought will offer a new solution. The core elements and structure constitute the first-order intrinsic property of the system, which is the material basis of the causality of the system and determines disposition as the second-order property. Combining stimulus, feedback controller, environment, core elements, core structure, and response gives a new definition of disposition.