我国刑事合规视域下单位犯罪制度的重塑

Reconstruction of Unit Crime System from the Perspective of Criminal Compliance

刑事合规是在加强企业违法犯罪预防中有效而切实可行的重要对策。我国刑事合规视域下单位犯罪制度的重塑源起于刑事合规强大的外在驱动和企业刑事风险发出的失控预警。在我国现行刑事法律制度中纳入刑事合规具有实践基础和现实必要,构建了我国刑事合规与单位犯罪制度重塑之间紧密的逻辑关系。我国刑事合规尚处于起步阶段,当务之急是解决单位犯罪归责理论的界定问题、刑事合规个性化参考因素在单位犯罪制度中的适应问题以及刑事司法模式由对抗性走向合作性的改革问题,对刑事合规预设行进弧度。我国刑事合规的实践和单位犯罪制度的重塑既是互为表里的关系,也是相互通联的关系,无法将我国刑事合规的实施与单位犯罪制度的重塑割裂开来讨论。应当围绕企业独立意志理论、单位注意义务、犯罪量刑标准、处罚方式、刑罚的种类、刑罚的处罚力度等方面推进单位犯罪制度的重塑,避免我国刑事合规流于形式,更好地将我国刑事合规植入单位犯罪理论。

It has been legislated to take advantage of criminal compliance as a means of corporate crime prevention which is effective and feasible.The proposal of reconstruction of unit crime system in the perspective of criminal compliance in China is based on the external driving force and the internal risk warning.The formulation and implementation of criminal compliance is considered as a society-based design and a logical plan,so as to establish a reasonable imputation basis for unit crimes.The research on criminal compliance in China is in its early phase.Meanwhile,it is urgent to determine the liability of unit crimes,adapt individualized factors into the unit crime system and reshape the mode of criminal justice from adversary mode to cooperative mode.On this basis,the frame of criminal compliance in China is put forward.The Chinese-style criminal compliance and the reconstruction of unit crime system do not only share the same theoretical basis,but also drive a responsibility balance mechanism.In this way,the implementation of criminal compliance should obey the principles of unit crime system in China.Only by accepting the theory of independent will of company,discussing duty of care,resetting sentencing standards,reforming punishment principles,modifying types of punishments can China integrate criminal compliance into the principle of unit crimes instead of becoming a mere formality.