我国应建立与高发型微罪惩处相配套的前科消灭制度

A System of Eliminating Criminal Record Should be Established Matching with the Punishment of High-incidence Micro Crimes

沿着危险驾驶罪开启的实质性微罪方向,《刑法修正案(十一)》再次扩充了微罪的范围。高发型微罪在取得了积极社会治理效果的同时,引发了明显的犯罪标签泛化问题。迄今为止,在审判阶段的出罪、在立案侦查阶段的不立案或撤销案件、在审查起诉阶段的不起诉都无法显著地削减醉酒型危险驾驶罪庞大的犯罪人数,无法有效解决高发型微罪的犯罪标签泛化问题,建立前科消灭制度才是解决问题的根本之道。对前科消灭制度的整体性急迫需求不足使得我国一直未建立该制度,但在未成年人犯罪领域有这种急迫需求,未成年人犯罪记录封存制度建立后这种急迫需求集中在高发型微罪领域。我国应着力于高发型微罪犯罪标签量和质的泛化问题,构建与高发型微罪惩处相配套的前科消灭制度。若该制度不能一步到位地建立,可以在司法实践探索的基础上分步骤地实现。

Following the direction of substantive minor crimes opened by the crime of dangerous driving,The Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China expands the scope of micro crime again.The high-risk micro crime has achieved positive social governance ef fect,but it also caused the obvious problem of crime label generalization.So far,the decriminalization in the trial stage,the non fi ling or revocation of cases in the investigation stage,and the non prosecution in the examination and prosecution stage can not signifi cantly reduce the large number of drunk dangerous driving crimes,and can not ef fectively solve the problem of generalization of high-risk micro crime labels.The fundamental way is to establish the elimination system of criminal record.China has not established such a system because of the lack of urgent demand for the system of eliminating criminal record,but it has such urgent demand in the fi eld of juvenile crime.After the establishment of the system,the urgent demand is concentrated in the fi eld of high-level micro crime.We should focus on the generalization of the label of high-risk micro crime in quantity and quality,and construct the elimination system of criminal record matching with the punishment of high-risk micro crime.If the system can not be established in one step,it can be realized step by step.